Having signed three reconciliation agreements that were never implemented, the two main Palestinian movements, Fatah and Hamas, are meeting this weekend once again in an attempt to bridge their differences.
Since Hamas carried out a coup in Gaza against the Fatah-dominated Palestinian Authority in 2007, the Palestinians have been split both politically and geographically - between Gaza and the West Bank.
Various Arab countries have tried to bring about a rapprochement, particularly Egypt and Qatar, and this round of talks will be taking place in Doha.
President Mahmoud Abbas and Hamas political chief Khaled Mashaal have not met since mid-2014, and Mr Abbas has since accused Hamas of trying to carry out a second coup, this time in the West Bank.
The last agreement, signed in April 2014, led to the formation of a unity government that has not functioned.
The deals on financial and security co-operation and the return of PA security personnel to Gaza failed to materialise.
The impetus to relaunch the talks is the result of frustration on both sides: there is no prospect of a renewed diplomatic process between the PA and Israel, and Hamas is under increasing criticism over the slow pace of reconstruction in the Strip.
The pressure on Hamas has been evident in the past two weeks from reports that two tunnels leading to Israel had collapsed, burying at least nine fighters.
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