The items included tefillin, which is a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah used for prayer.
Other items stolen and dumped in the water include a tallit, the fringed garment traditionally worn by people while they pray.
A spokesperson for local Metropolitan Police officers described the incident as “an absolute disgusting cowardly act by horrible individuals.”
They added: “I hope we catch those responsible.”
Shadow Home Secretary Diane Abbott also expressed her shock at the incident.
Ms Abbott, who is MP for Hackney North and Stoke Newington, represents the Charedi community in the area.
She tweeted: “This is terrible.”