Iceland and the Netherlands have joined South Africa's case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) accusing Israel of committing genocide.
The pair supported the ongoing case through Article 63 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which allows signatories to intervene in cases where the interpretation of the convention is under debate.
In its filing, the Netherlands argued that forced displacement of people from Gaza, should it be proven to occur, could constitute a genocidal act.
Likewise, it suggested that the deliberate withholding of humanitarian aid could be evidence to prove genocidal intent - a key part of the prosecution of genocide.
And Iceland argued that a finding of genocide should not be limited to scenarios in which such a crime is the only conclusion that can be drawn.
In particular, it suggested that, even if the court could determine other potential motivations for the acts in question, this should not rule out a finding of genocidal intent.
It comes after Brazil also joined the case, which was originally filed in December 2023, last July, with Ireland, Turkey and Spain doing the same earlier in the year.
Israel has consistently rejected allegations of genocide and argued that it has acted legitimately and responsibly in the war against Hamas.
Tal Becker, the Israeli foreign ministry’s legal adviser, has accused South Africa of presenting a "profoundly distorted factual and legal picture" in its case.
Becker also told the court that it is "impossible to understand the armed conflict in Gaza without appreciating the nature of the threat Israelis face" and argued, in reference to the October 7 attacks, that "If there were acts of genocide, they have been perpetrated against Israel."
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